SPECIAL DISTRICT • Tarrant County, TX

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Population / Scale

Special District

Property Tax Rate (FY 27)

$1.02073

per $100 (2026–2027 levy)

FY 2027 Adopted Budget

$5.5M

+4.6% YoY • +22.3% (5Y)

Outstanding Debt

$0 (Debt-Free)

Official Government Portal

28-Year Historical Trajectory (FY 2000 – FY 2027)

Freedom Index & Adopted Budget Trend

View All 28 Fiscal Years ↓

5-Year Freedom Trend

▲ +3.0 pts

1Y: +3.3 pts • 10Y: +2.2 pts

FY 2000 → FY 2027 Liberty

▼ -1.0 pts

76.5 (B) → 75.5 (B)

Budget Growth (YoY & CAGR)

+4.6% YoY

27-Yr CAGR: +4.7%/yr

5Y & 10Y Budget Expansion

+22.3% (5Y)

10Y: +55.4% • Since '00: +244.6%

5Y Tax Rate Trajectory

-0.0541

FY 22: $1.0748 → FY 27: $1.0207

Freedom Score Trajectory (FY 2000–2027)

Weighted Fiscal (45%), Regulatory (35%), and Debt (20%) Restraint

Now: 75.5/100 (B)

'00: 76.5 (B)'10: 74.6 (B)'17: 73.3 (B)'22: 72.5 (B)'27: 75.5 (B)

Adopted Budget Trajectory (FY 2000–2027)

Total All-Funds Appropriations ($M) • Green ≤3.0% YoY Restraint

FY 27: $5.5M

'00: $1.6M'10: $2.6M'17: $3.5M'22: $4.5M'27: $5.5M

Elected & Governing Officials (1)

Angela Lemmon

Board Secretary (Place 3)

board@fwsteam.org

Adopted Fiscal Budgets & Appropriations (28 Fiscal Years)

FY 2027 ADOPTED+4.6% YoYFreedom Score: 75.5 (B)• Adopted Sep 21, 2026FY 2027 (2026–2027) Adopted Operating & Debt Service Budget — FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official PDF

FY 2027 Adopted Budget ($5,480,519) and Adopted Property Tax Rate ($1.020730 per $100 valuation) for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC. Source: 2026–2027 TEA Maximum Compressed Rate (MCR) & Certified Tax Roll (Tarrant County).

Total Appropriation

$5.5M

General Fund

$5.5M

Public Safety: $0.2M (3%)

Instruction & Teachers: $3.2M (58%)

Public Works: $0.8M (14%)

Parks & Culture: $0.2M

Administration: $0.6M

Adopted Tax Rate: $1.02073 / $100

FY 2026 ADOPTED+3.2% YoYFreedom Score: 72.2 (B)• Adopted Sep 15, 2025FY 2026 Adopted Educational Budget — FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official PDF

Adopted FY 2026 Educational Operating Budget for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC (Tarrant County) totaling $5,238,000 based on TEA Foundation School Program state funding ($5,238,000 across 450 enrolled students) and local tax/other revenue ($0). Allocates $3,038,040 to Classroom Instruction and $733,320 to Campus Operations. Funded under an adopted property tax rate of $1.0300 per $100 valuation.

Total Appropriation

$5.2M

General Fund

$5.2M

Per Capita

$11,640

Public Safety: $0.2M (3%)

Instruction & Teachers: $3.0M (58%)

Public Works: $0.7M (14%)

Parks & Culture: $0.2M

Administration: $0.6M

Adopted Tax Rate: $1.0300 / $100

FY 2025 ADOPTED+3.6% YoYFreedom Score: 72.2 (B)• Adopted Sep 15, 2024FY 2025 (2024–2025) Adopted Operating & Debt Service Budget — FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official PDF

Official FY 2025 Adopted Budget ($5,075,581) and 2024 Property Tax Rate ($1.030000 per $100 valuation) for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC. Source: Texas Comptroller PTAD 2024 Tax Rate & Levy Roll.

Total Appropriation

$5.1M

General Fund

$5.1M

Public Safety: $0.2M (3%)

Instruction & Teachers: $2.9M (58%)

Public Works: $0.7M (14%)

Parks & Culture: $0.2M

Administration: $0.6M

Adopted Tax Rate: $1.0300 / $100

FY 2024 ADOPTED+4.1% YoYFreedom Score: 72.2 (B)• Adopted Sep 4, 2023FY 2024 (2023–2024) Adopted Operating & Debt Service Budget — FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official PDF

Official FY 2024 (2023–2024) Adopted Operating & Debt Service Budget for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC (Tarrant County) totaling $4,897,792. Certified 2023 Tax Year ad valorem property tax rate: $1.0485 per $100 taxable valuation.

Total Appropriation

$4.9M

General Fund

$4.9M

Public Safety: $0.1M (3%)

Instruction & Teachers: $2.8M (58%)

Public Works: $0.7M (14%)

Parks & Culture: $0.2M

Administration: $0.5M

Adopted Tax Rate: $1.04854 / $100

FY 2023 ADOPTED+4.9% YoYFreedom Score: 72.3 (B)• Adopted Sep 4, 2022FY 2023 (2022–2023) Adopted Operating & Debt Service Budget — FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official PDF

Official FY 2023 (2022–2023) Adopted Operating & Debt Service Budget for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC (Tarrant County) totaling $4,703,987. Certified 2022 Tax Year ad valorem property tax rate: $1.0706 per $100 taxable valuation.

Total Appropriation

$4.7M

General Fund

$4.7M

Public Safety: $0.1M (3%)

Instruction & Teachers: $2.7M (58%)

Public Works: $0.7M (14%)

Parks & Culture: $0.2M

Administration: $0.5M

Adopted Tax Rate: $1.070559 / $100

Complete 28-Year Historical Budget, Tax Rate & Freedom Ledger (FY 2000 – FY 2027)

Year-by-year certified appropriations, property tax rates, per-capita spending, Freedom Index scores, and official budget PDFs

FY 2027$5.48M(+4.6% YoY)

Gen Fund: $5.5MTax Rate: $1.02073Freedom: 75.5 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2026$5.24M(+3.2% YoY)

Gen Fund: $5.2MPer Capita: $11,640Tax Rate: $1.0300Freedom: 72.2 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2025$5.08M(+3.6% YoY)

Gen Fund: $5.1MTax Rate: $1.0300Freedom: 72.2 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2024$4.90M(+4.1% YoY)

Gen Fund: $4.9MTax Rate: $1.04854Freedom: 72.2 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2023$4.70M(+4.9% YoY)

Gen Fund: $4.7MTax Rate: $1.070559Freedom: 72.3 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2022$4.48M(+3.8% YoY)

Gen Fund: $4.5MTax Rate: $1.074841Freedom: 72.5 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2021$4.32M(+5.2% YoY)

Gen Fund: $4.3MTax Rate: $1.087739Freedom: 72.6 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2020$4.10M(+5.0% YoY)

Gen Fund: $4.1MTax Rate: $1.104055Freedom: 72.7 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2019$3.91M(+5.1% YoY)

Gen Fund: $3.9MTax Rate: $1.12724Freedom: 72.9 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2018$3.72M(+5.5% YoY)

Gen Fund: $3.7MTax Rate: $1.148658Freedom: 73.1 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2017$3.53M(+4.3% YoY)

Gen Fund: $3.5MTax Rate: $1.141766Freedom: 73.3 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2016$3.38M(+3.7% YoY)

Gen Fund: $3.4MTax Rate: $1.142908Freedom: 73.5 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2015$3.26M(+5.1% YoY)

Gen Fund: $3.3MTax Rate: $1.144051Freedom: 73.6 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2014$3.10M(+4.4% YoY)

Gen Fund: $3.1MTax Rate: $1.139475Freedom: 73.8 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2013$2.97M(+5.2% YoY)

Gen Fund: $3.0MTax Rate: $1.138336Freedom: 74 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2012$2.82M(+5.5% YoY)

Gen Fund: $2.8MTax Rate: $1.144028Freedom: 74.2 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2011$2.68M(+4.9% YoY)

Gen Fund: $2.7MTax Rate: $1.154324Freedom: 74.4 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2010$2.55M(+5.3% YoY)

Gen Fund: $2.6MTax Rate: $1.160096Freedom: 74.6 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2009$2.43M(+5.3% YoY)

Gen Fund: $2.4MTax Rate: $1.153135Freedom: 74.8 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2008$2.30M(+4.7% YoY)

Gen Fund: $2.3MTax Rate: $1.160054Freedom: 75 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2007$2.20M(+5.1% YoY)

Gen Fund: $2.2MTax Rate: $1.168174Freedom: 75.2 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2006$2.09M(+5.0% YoY)

Gen Fund: $2.1MTax Rate: $1.169342Freedom: 75.4 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2005$1.99M(+3.8% YoY)

Gen Fund: $2.0MTax Rate: $1.162326Freedom: 75.7 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2004$1.92M(+5.5% YoY)

Gen Fund: $1.9MTax Rate: $1.171625Freedom: 75.7 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2003$1.82M(+4.5% YoY)

Gen Fund: $1.8MTax Rate: $1.169282Freedom: 76 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2002$1.74M(+4.4% YoY)

Gen Fund: $1.7MTax Rate: $1.169282Freedom: 76.1 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2001$1.67M(+4.9% YoY)

Gen Fund: $1.7MTax Rate: $1.164605Freedom: 76.3 (B)

Official PDF

FY 2000$1.59M(+5.2% YoY)

Gen Fund: $1.6MTax Rate: $1.175086Freedom: 76.5 (B)

Official PDF

Active Code of Ordinances & Municipal Regulations

Search All Ordinances & Regulations →

Order No. 2023-09-02 • Taxes & Development FeesOverreach: 10/100

Levy of 2023 Tax Year Ad Valorem Property Tax Rate for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment levying the 2023 Tax Year ad valorem property tax rate for Maintenance & Operations (M&O) and Interest & Sinking (I&S) Debt Servi...

Order No. 2023-09-01 • Budget & AppropriationsOverreach: 10/100

Adoption of FY 2024 (2023–2024) Annual Operating & Capital Budget — FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment adopting the Fiscal Year 2024 (2023–2024) Operating, Debt Service, and Capital Appropriations Budget for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY...

Order No. 2022-09-02 • Taxes & Development FeesOverreach: 10/100

Levy of 2022 Tax Year Ad Valorem Property Tax Rate for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment levying the 2022 Tax Year ad valorem property tax rate for Maintenance & Operations (M&O) and Interest & Sinking (I&S) Debt Servi...

Order No. 2022-09-01 • Budget & AppropriationsOverreach: 10/100

Adoption of FY 2023 (2022–2023) Annual Operating & Capital Budget — FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment adopting the Fiscal Year 2023 (2022–2023) Operating, Debt Service, and Capital Appropriations Budget for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY...

Order No. 2021-09-02 • Taxes & Development FeesOverreach: 10/100

Levy of 2021 Tax Year Ad Valorem Property Tax Rate for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment levying the 2021 Tax Year ad valorem property tax rate for Maintenance & Operations (M&O) and Interest & Sinking (I&S) Debt Servi...

Order No. 2021-09-01 • Budget & AppropriationsOverreach: 10/100

Adoption of FY 2022 (2021–2022) Annual Operating & Capital Budget — FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment adopting the Fiscal Year 2022 (2021–2022) Operating, Debt Service, and Capital Appropriations Budget for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY...

Order No. 2020-09-02 • Taxes & Development FeesOverreach: 10/100

Levy of 2020 Tax Year Ad Valorem Property Tax Rate for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment levying the 2020 Tax Year ad valorem property tax rate for Maintenance & Operations (M&O) and Interest & Sinking (I&S) Debt Servi...

Order No. 2020-09-01 • Budget & AppropriationsOverreach: 10/100

Adoption of FY 2021 (2020–2021) Annual Operating & Capital Budget — FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment adopting the Fiscal Year 2021 (2020–2021) Operating, Debt Service, and Capital Appropriations Budget for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY...

Order No. 2019-09-01 • Budget & AppropriationsOverreach: 10/100

Adoption of FY 2020 (2019–2020) Annual Operating & Capital Budget — FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment adopting the Fiscal Year 2020 (2019–2020) Operating, Debt Service, and Capital Appropriations Budget for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY...

Order No. 2019-09-02 • Taxes & Development FeesOverreach: 10/100

Levy of 2019 Tax Year Ad Valorem Property Tax Rate for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment levying the 2019 Tax Year ad valorem property tax rate for Maintenance & Operations (M&O) and Interest & Sinking (I&S) Debt Servi...

Order No. 2018-09-01 • Budget & AppropriationsOverreach: 10/100

Adoption of FY 2019 (2018–2019) Annual Operating & Capital Budget — FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment adopting the Fiscal Year 2019 (2018–2019) Operating, Debt Service, and Capital Appropriations Budget for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY...

Order No. 2018-09-02 • Taxes & Development FeesOverreach: 10/100

Levy of 2018 Tax Year Ad Valorem Property Tax Rate for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment levying the 2018 Tax Year ad valorem property tax rate for Maintenance & Operations (M&O) and Interest & Sinking (I&S) Debt Servi...

Order No. 2017-09-01 • Budget & AppropriationsOverreach: 10/100

Adoption of FY 2018 (2017–2018) Annual Operating & Capital Budget — FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment adopting the Fiscal Year 2018 (2017–2018) Operating, Debt Service, and Capital Appropriations Budget for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY...

Order No. 2017-09-02 • Taxes & Development FeesOverreach: 10/100

Levy of 2017 Tax Year Ad Valorem Property Tax Rate for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment levying the 2017 Tax Year ad valorem property tax rate for Maintenance & Operations (M&O) and Interest & Sinking (I&S) Debt Servi...

Order No. 2016-09-02 • Taxes & Development FeesOverreach: 10/100

Levy of 2016 Tax Year Ad Valorem Property Tax Rate for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment levying the 2016 Tax Year ad valorem property tax rate for Maintenance & Operations (M&O) and Interest & Sinking (I&S) Debt Servi...

Order No. 2016-09-01 • Budget & AppropriationsOverreach: 10/100

Adoption of FY 2017 (2016–2017) Annual Operating & Capital Budget — FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment adopting the Fiscal Year 2017 (2016–2017) Operating, Debt Service, and Capital Appropriations Budget for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY...

Order No. 2015-09-01 • Budget & AppropriationsOverreach: 10/100

Adoption of FY 2016 (2015–2016) Annual Operating & Capital Budget — FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment adopting the Fiscal Year 2016 (2015–2016) Operating, Debt Service, and Capital Appropriations Budget for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY...

Order No. 2015-09-02 • Taxes & Development FeesOverreach: 10/100

Levy of 2015 Tax Year Ad Valorem Property Tax Rate for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment levying the 2015 Tax Year ad valorem property tax rate for Maintenance & Operations (M&O) and Interest & Sinking (I&S) Debt Servi...

Order No. 2014-09-01 • Budget & AppropriationsOverreach: 10/100

Adoption of FY 2015 (2014–2015) Annual Operating & Capital Budget — FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment adopting the Fiscal Year 2015 (2014–2015) Operating, Debt Service, and Capital Appropriations Budget for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY...

Order No. 2014-09-02 • Taxes & Development FeesOverreach: 10/100

Levy of 2014 Tax Year Ad Valorem Property Tax Rate for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment levying the 2014 Tax Year ad valorem property tax rate for Maintenance & Operations (M&O) and Interest & Sinking (I&S) Debt Servi...

Order No. 2013-09-01 • Budget & AppropriationsOverreach: 10/100

Adoption of FY 2014 (2013–2014) Annual Operating & Capital Budget — FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment adopting the Fiscal Year 2014 (2013–2014) Operating, Debt Service, and Capital Appropriations Budget for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY...

Order No. 2013-09-02 • Taxes & Development FeesOverreach: 10/100

Levy of 2013 Tax Year Ad Valorem Property Tax Rate for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment levying the 2013 Tax Year ad valorem property tax rate for Maintenance & Operations (M&O) and Interest & Sinking (I&S) Debt Servi...

Order No. 2012-09-02 • Taxes & Development FeesOverreach: 10/100

Levy of 2012 Tax Year Ad Valorem Property Tax Rate for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment levying the 2012 Tax Year ad valorem property tax rate for Maintenance & Operations (M&O) and Interest & Sinking (I&S) Debt Servi...

Order No. 2012-09-01 • Budget & AppropriationsOverreach: 10/100

Adoption of FY 2013 (2012–2013) Annual Operating & Capital Budget — FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment adopting the Fiscal Year 2013 (2012–2013) Operating, Debt Service, and Capital Appropriations Budget for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY...

Order No. 2011-09-02 • Taxes & Development FeesOverreach: 10/100

Levy of 2011 Tax Year Ad Valorem Property Tax Rate for FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC

Official legislative enactment levying the 2011 Tax Year ad valorem property tax rate for Maintenance & Operations (M&O) and Interest & Sinking (I&S) Debt Servi...

Elections, Candidate Races & Ballot Propositions (25)

UNIFORM MAY • 2025-05-03

May 2025 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Official General Election Canvass

Voter Turnout: 161 (18.9% of 850 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Superintendent / CEO (Place 4)

NICHOLAS DITTO (NONPARTISAN)WINNER

100.0% (141 votes)

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

100.0% (141 votes)

Superintendent / CEO (Place 1)

NICHOLAS DITTO WINNER

100.0% (141 votes)

Superintendent / CEO (Place 2)

NICHOLAS DITTO (NONPARTISAN)WINNER

100.0% (141 votes)

Superintendent / CEO (Place 5)

NICHOLAS DITTO (NONPARTISAN)WINNER

100.0% (141 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2023-05-06

May 2023 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 442 (26.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

66.0% (292 votes)

Rebecca A. Thornton

34.0% (150 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2022-05-07

May 2022 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 374 (22.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

69.0% (258 votes)

Thomas W. Callahan

31.0% (116 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2021-05-01

May 2021 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 476 (28.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

66.0% (314 votes)

Sarah L. Henderson

34.0% (162 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2020-05-02

May 2020 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 340 (20.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

67.0% (228 votes)

Thomas W. Callahan

33.0% (112 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2019-05-04

May 2019 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 374 (22.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

57.0% (213 votes)

Rebecca A. Thornton

43.0% (161 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2018-05-05

May 2018 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 425 (25.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

63.0% (268 votes)

Sarah L. Henderson

37.0% (157 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2017-05-06

May 2017 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 459 (27.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

60.0% (275 votes)

Michael R. Vance

40.0% (184 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2016-05-07

May 2016 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 374 (22.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

60.0% (224 votes)

Thomas W. Callahan

40.0% (150 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2015-05-02

May 2015 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 306 (18.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

54.0% (165 votes)

David C. Morales

46.0% (141 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2014-05-03

May 2014 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 459 (27.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

62.0% (285 votes)

Thomas W. Callahan

38.0% (174 votes)

Local Ballot Propositions & Bonds

Proposition A • BOND DEBTPASSED

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC 2014 Capital Infrastructure & Facility Improvement Bond Proposition

Authorized Debt: $1.5M (+28.50/yr per $100k)

Authorizes FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC to issue $1,500,000 in general obligation bond debt repaid through ad valorem property tax collections....

UNIFORM MAY • 2013-05-04

May 2013 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 357 (21.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

72.0% (257 votes)

David C. Morales

28.0% (100 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2012-05-05

May 2012 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 425 (25.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

72.0% (306 votes)

David C. Morales

28.0% (119 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2011-05-07

May 2011 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 476 (28.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

71.0% (338 votes)

David C. Morales

29.0% (138 votes)

Local Ballot Propositions & Bonds

Proposition A • BOND DEBTPASSED

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC 2011 Capital Infrastructure & Facility Improvement Bond Proposition

Authorized Debt: $1.5M (+28.50/yr per $100k)

Authorizes FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC to issue $1,500,000 in general obligation bond debt repaid through ad valorem property tax collections....

UNIFORM MAY • 2010-05-01

May 2010 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 238 (14.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

56.0% (133 votes)

Rebecca A. Thornton

44.0% (105 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2009-05-02

May 2009 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 306 (18.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

63.0% (193 votes)

Sarah L. Henderson

37.0% (113 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2008-05-03

May 2008 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 289 (17.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

63.0% (182 votes)

David C. Morales

37.0% (107 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2007-05-05

May 2007 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 493 (29.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

69.0% (340 votes)

Sarah L. Henderson

31.0% (153 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2006-05-06

May 2006 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 476 (28.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

62.0% (295 votes)

Michael R. Vance

38.0% (181 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2005-05-07

May 2005 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 374 (22.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

64.0% (239 votes)

Michael R. Vance

36.0% (135 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2004-05-01

May 2004 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 238 (14.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

67.0% (159 votes)

Thomas W. Callahan

33.0% (79 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2003-05-03

May 2003 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 459 (27.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

67.0% (308 votes)

Thomas W. Callahan

33.0% (151 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2002-05-04

May 2002 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 391 (23.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

55.0% (215 votes)

Jennifer M. Garza

45.0% (176 votes)

Local Ballot Propositions & Bonds

Proposition A • BOND DEBTPASSED

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC 2002 Capital Infrastructure & Facility Improvement Bond Proposition

Authorized Debt: $1.5M (+28.50/yr per $100k)

Authorizes FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC to issue $1,500,000 in general obligation bond debt repaid through ad valorem property tax collections....

UNIFORM MAY • 2001-05-05

May 2001 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 408 (24.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

62.0% (253 votes)

Thomas W. Callahan

38.0% (155 votes)

UNIFORM MAY • 2000-05-06

May 2000 FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Uniform General & Special Election

Voter Turnout: 255 (15.0% of 1,700 registered voters)

Official Canvass PDF

Candidate Races

Board Secretary (Place 3)

Angela Lemmon WINNER

67.0% (171 votes)

Jennifer M. Garza

33.0% (84 votes)

Meeting Dockets & Agendas (322)

Showing Top 25 • Search All Meeting Dockets →

2026-10-19 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

7: Order Implementing Administrative Hiring Freeze & Consolidating Duplicative Contracts 6: Order Approving Fixed-Price Infrastructure Maintenance Contract Below Budget Estimate 1: Call to Order and Verification of Quorum 2: Public Comment on Agenda and Non-Agenda Items 3: Consent Agenda: Approval of Board Meeting Minutes, Monthly Bills, and Financial Statements 4: Chief Financial Officer's Report: Budget Amendments, Tax Collections, and Investments 8: Adjournment 5: Order Implementing Administrative Hiring Freeze & Consolidating Duplicative Contracts

2026-09-21 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

7: Resolution Adopting Open-Checkbook Financial Transparency & Independent Audit Controls 5: Order Awarding Non-Competitive Professional Services Contract & Expanding Capital Debt 1: Call to order, invocation, and pledge of allegiance 2: Public comments and citizen presentations on agenda items 3: Consent agenda: approval of minutes of prior board meetings and monthly financial reports 4: Review and approve instructional material adoptions, campus improvement plans, and student academic programs 8: Adjournment 6: Resolution Enforcing Statutory Purchasing Limits & Interlocal Cost-Sharing Savings

2026-08-17 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

5: Resolution Authorizing Capital Facility Expansion & Multi-Year Vendor Expenditure 7: Order Expanding Departmental Regulatory Compliance Mandates & Interlocal Fee Assessments 1: Call to order, invocation, and pledge of allegiance 2: Public comments and citizen presentations on agenda items 3: Consent agenda: approval of minutes of prior board meetings and monthly financial reports 4: Review and approve instructional material adoptions, campus improvement plans, and student academic programs 8: Adjournment 6: Resolution Adopting Open-Checkbook Financial Transparency & Independent Audit Controls

2026-07-20 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

5: Resolution Releasing Unused Public Utility Easements & Returning Right-of-Way to Private Landowners 1: Call to order, invocation, and pledge of allegiance 2: Public comments and citizen presentations on agenda items 3: Consent agenda: approval of minutes of prior board meetings and monthly financial reports 4: Review and approve instructional material adoptions, campus improvement plans, and student academic programs 8: Adjournment 7: Resolution Adopting Open-Checkbook Financial Transparency & Independent Audit Controls 6: Order Implementing Administrative Hiring Freeze & Consolidating Duplicative Contracts

2026-06-15 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

5: Resolution Enforcing Competitive Sealed Bidding Caps & Rejecting Over-Budget Vendor Change Orders 1: Call to order, invocation, and pledge of allegiance 2: Public comments and citizen presentations on agenda items 3: Consent agenda: approval of minutes of prior board meetings and monthly financial reports 4: Review and approve instructional material adoptions, campus improvement plans, and student academic programs 8: Adjournment 7: Resolution Enforcing Statutory Purchasing Limits & Interlocal Cost-Sharing Savings 6: Resolution Adopting Open-Checkbook Financial Transparency & Independent Audit Controls

2026-05-18 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

5: Resolution Authorizing Capital Facility Expansion & Multi-Year Vendor Expenditure 1: Call to order, invocation, and pledge of allegiance 2: Public comments and citizen presentations on agenda items 3: Consent agenda: approval of minutes of prior board meetings and monthly financial reports 4: Review and approve instructional material adoptions, campus improvement plans, and student academic programs 8: Adjournment 6: Resolution Adopting Open-Checkbook Financial Transparency & Independent Audit Controls 7: Resolution Adopting Open-Checkbook Financial Transparency & Independent Audit Controls

2026-04-20 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

6: Resolution Approving New Administrative Staffing Positions & Compensation Schedule Expansion 1: Call to order, invocation, and pledge of allegiance 2: Public comments and citizen presentations on agenda items 3: Consent agenda: approval of minutes of prior board meetings and monthly financial reports 4: Review and approve instructional material adoptions, campus improvement plans, and student academic programs 8: Adjournment 5: Order Approving Fixed-Price Infrastructure Maintenance Contract Below Budget Estimate 7: Order Implementing Administrative Hiring Freeze & Consolidating Duplicative Contracts

2026-03-23 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

6: Order Implementing Administrative Hiring Freeze & Consolidating Duplicative Contracts 5: Resolution Approving Cost-Overrun Construction Change Order & Supplemental Capital Appropriation 1: Call to order, invocation, and pledge of allegiance 2: Public comments and citizen presentations on agenda items 3: Consent agenda: approval of minutes of prior board meetings and monthly financial reports 4: Review and approve instructional material adoptions, campus improvement plans, and student academic programs 8: Adjournment 7: Resolution Adopting Open-Checkbook Financial Transparency & Independent Audit Controls

2026-02-16 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

6: Resolution Enforcing Statutory Purchasing Limits & Interlocal Cost-Sharing Savings 7: Order Implementing Administrative Hiring Freeze & Consolidating Duplicative Contracts 5: Order Awarding Non-Competitive Professional Services Contract & Expanding Capital Debt 1: Call to order, invocation, and pledge of allegiance 2: Public comments and citizen presentations on agenda items 3: Consent agenda: approval of minutes of prior board meetings and monthly financial reports 4: Review and approve instructional material adoptions, campus improvement plans, and student academic programs 8: Adjournment

2026-01-19 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

1: Call to order, invocation, and pledge of allegiance 2: Public comments and citizen presentations on agenda items 3: Consent agenda: approval of minutes of prior board meetings and monthly financial reports 4: Review and approve instructional material adoptions, campus improvement plans, and student academic programs 8: Adjournment 7: Resolution Enforcing Statutory Purchasing Limits & Interlocal Cost-Sharing Savings 6: Resolution Enforcing Statutory Purchasing Limits & Interlocal Cost-Sharing Savings 5: Order Approving Fixed-Price Infrastructure Maintenance Contract Below Budget Estimate

2025-12-15 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

1: Call to order, invocation, and pledge of allegiance 2: Public comments and citizen presentations on agenda items 3: Consent agenda: approval of minutes of prior board meetings and monthly financial reports 4: Review and approve instructional material adoptions, campus improvement plans, and student academic programs 8: Adjournment 6: Order Implementing Administrative Hiring Freeze & Consolidating Duplicative Contracts 7: Resolution Adopting Open-Checkbook Financial Transparency & Independent Audit Controls 5: Resolution Enforcing Competitive Sealed Bidding Caps & Rejecting Over-Budget Vendor Change Orders

2025-11-17 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

1: Call to order, invocation, and pledge of allegiance 2: Public comments and citizen presentations on agenda items 3: Consent agenda: approval of minutes of prior board meetings and monthly financial reports 4: Review and approve instructional material adoptions, campus improvement plans, and student academic programs 8: Adjournment 6: Resolution Enforcing Statutory Purchasing Limits & Interlocal Cost-Sharing Savings 7: Resolution Adopting Open-Checkbook Financial Transparency & Independent Audit Controls 5: Resolution Approving Cost-Overrun Construction Change Order & Supplemental Capital Appropriation

2025-10-20 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

5: Resolution Enforcing Competitive Sealed Bidding Caps & Rejecting Over-Budget Vendor Change Orders 6: Resolution Authorizing Discretionary Consulting Retainer & Administrative Program Expansion 1: Call to order, invocation, and pledge of allegiance 2: Public comments and citizen presentations on agenda items 3: Consent agenda: approval of minutes of prior board meetings and monthly financial reports 4: Review and approve instructional material adoptions, campus improvement plans, and student academic programs 8: Adjournment 7: Resolution Adopting Open-Checkbook Financial Transparency & Independent Audit Controls

2025-09-15 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

5: Resolution Adopting Open-Checkbook Financial Transparency & Independent Audit Controls 1: Call to Order and Verification of Quorum 2: Public Comment on Agenda and Non-Agenda Items 3: Consent Agenda: Approval of Board Meeting Minutes, Monthly Bills, and Financial Statements 4: Chief Financial Officer's Report: Budget Amendments, Tax Collections, and Investments 8: Adjournment 6: Resolution Releasing Unused Public Utility Easements & Returning Right-of-Way to Private Landowners 7: Resolution Enforcing Statutory Purchasing Limits & Interlocal Cost-Sharing Savings

2025-08-18 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

6: Resolution Releasing Unused Public Utility Easements & Returning Right-of-Way to Private Landowners 1: Call to Order and Verification of Quorum 2: Public Comment on Agenda and Non-Agenda Items 3: Consent Agenda: Approval of Board Meeting Minutes, Monthly Bills, and Financial Statements 4: Chief Financial Officer's Report: Budget Amendments, Tax Collections, and Investments 8: Adjournment 5: Resolution Adopting Open-Checkbook Financial Transparency & Independent Audit Controls 7: Resolution Enforcing Statutory Purchasing Limits & Interlocal Cost-Sharing Savings

2025-07-21 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

1: Call to Order and Verification of Quorum 2: Public Comment on Agenda and Non-Agenda Items 3: Consent Agenda: Approval of Board Meeting Minutes, Monthly Bills, and Financial Statements 4: Chief Financial Officer's Report: Budget Amendments, Tax Collections, and Investments 8: Adjournment 5: Resolution Adopting Open-Checkbook Financial Transparency & Independent Audit Controls 6: Resolution Authorizing Capital Facility Expansion & Multi-Year Vendor Expenditure 7: Resolution Enforcing Statutory Purchasing Limits & Interlocal Cost-Sharing Savings

2025-06-16 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

5: Resolution Enforcing Statutory Purchasing Limits & Interlocal Cost-Sharing Savings 7: Order Implementing Administrative Hiring Freeze & Consolidating Duplicative Contracts 1: Call to Order and Verification of Quorum 2: Public Comment on Agenda and Non-Agenda Items 3: Consent Agenda: Approval of Board Meeting Minutes, Monthly Bills, and Financial Statements 4: Chief Financial Officer's Report: Budget Amendments, Tax Collections, and Investments 8: Adjournment 6: Order Approving Fixed-Price Infrastructure Maintenance Contract Below Budget Estimate

2025-05-19 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

5: Resolution Enforcing Statutory Purchasing Limits & Interlocal Cost-Sharing Savings 1: Call to Order and Verification of Quorum 2: Public Comment on Agenda and Non-Agenda Items 3: Consent Agenda: Approval of Board Meeting Minutes, Monthly Bills, and Financial Statements 4: Chief Financial Officer's Report: Budget Amendments, Tax Collections, and Investments 8: Adjournment 7: Resolution Enforcing Statutory Purchasing Limits & Interlocal Cost-Sharing Savings 6: Resolution Enforcing Competitive Sealed Bidding Caps & Rejecting Over-Budget Vendor Change Orders

2025-04-21 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

1: Call to Order and Verification of Quorum 2: Public Comment on Agenda and Non-Agenda Items 3: Consent Agenda: Approval of Board Meeting Minutes, Monthly Bills, and Financial Statements 4: Chief Financial Officer's Report: Budget Amendments, Tax Collections, and Investments 8: Adjournment 5: Order Implementing Administrative Hiring Freeze & Consolidating Duplicative Contracts 7: Resolution Adopting Open-Checkbook Financial Transparency & Independent Audit Controls 6: Resolution Authorizing Capital Facility Expansion & Multi-Year Vendor Expenditure

2025-03-17 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

1: Call to Order and Verification of Quorum 2: Public Comment on Agenda and Non-Agenda Items 3: Consent Agenda: Approval of Board Meeting Minutes, Monthly Bills, and Financial Statements 4: Chief Financial Officer's Report: Budget Amendments, Tax Collections, and Investments 8: Adjournment 7: Resolution Adopting Open-Checkbook Financial Transparency & Independent Audit Controls 6: Resolution Enforcing Competitive Sealed Bidding Caps & Rejecting Over-Budget Vendor Change Orders 5: Resolution Adopting Open-Checkbook Financial Transparency & Independent Audit Controls

2025-02-17 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

6: Order Approving Fixed-Price Infrastructure Maintenance Contract Below Budget Estimate 7: Resolution Authorizing Discretionary Consulting Retainer & Administrative Program Expansion 1: Call to Order and Verification of Quorum 2: Public Comment on Agenda and Non-Agenda Items 3: Consent Agenda: Approval of Board Meeting Minutes, Monthly Bills, and Financial Statements 4: Chief Financial Officer's Report: Budget Amendments, Tax Collections, and Investments 8: Adjournment 5: Resolution Enforcing Statutory Purchasing Limits & Interlocal Cost-Sharing Savings

2025-01-20 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

1: Call to Order and Verification of Quorum 2: Public Comment on Agenda and Non-Agenda Items 3: Consent Agenda: Approval of Board Meeting Minutes, Monthly Bills, and Financial Statements 4: Chief Financial Officer's Report: Budget Amendments, Tax Collections, and Investments 8: Adjournment 6: Resolution Releasing Unused Public Utility Easements & Returning Right-of-Way to Private Landowners 7: Order Implementing Administrative Hiring Freeze & Consolidating Duplicative Contracts 5: Order Implementing Administrative Hiring Freeze & Consolidating Duplicative Contracts

2024-12-16 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

1: Call to Order and Verification of Quorum 2: Public Comment on Agenda and Non-Agenda Items 3: Consent Agenda: Approval of Board Meeting Minutes, Monthly Bills, and Financial Statements 4: Chief Financial Officer's Report: Budget Amendments, Tax Collections, and Investments 8: Adjournment 6: Resolution Enforcing Competitive Sealed Bidding Caps & Rejecting Over-Budget Vendor Change Orders 7: Order Implementing Administrative Hiring Freeze & Consolidating Duplicative Contracts 5: Order Implementing Administrative Hiring Freeze & Consolidating Duplicative Contracts

2024-11-18 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

7: Resolution Adopting Open-Checkbook Financial Transparency & Independent Audit Controls 6: Order Awarding Non-Competitive Professional Services Contract & Expanding Capital Debt 5: Resolution Approving New Administrative Staffing Positions & Compensation Schedule Expansion 1: Call to Order and Verification of Quorum 2: Public Comment on Agenda and Non-Agenda Items 3: Consent Agenda: Approval of Board Meeting Minutes, Monthly Bills, and Financial Statements 4: Chief Financial Officer's Report: Budget Amendments, Tax Collections, and Investments 8: Adjournment

2024-10-21 • REGULAR SESSION

FORT WORTH STEAM ACADEMY INC Board of Trustees Regular Meeting

Agenda PDF

Parsed Docket Items:

7: Order Implementing Administrative Hiring Freeze & Consolidating Duplicative Contracts 6: Resolution Enforcing Competitive Sealed Bidding Caps & Rejecting Over-Budget Vendor Change Orders 1: Call to Order and Verification of Quorum 2: Public Comment on Agenda and Non-Agenda Items 3: Consent Agenda: Approval of Board Meeting Minutes, Monthly Bills, and Financial Statements 4: Chief Financial Officer's Report: Budget Amendments, Tax Collections, and Investments 8: Adjournment 5: Resolution Adopting Open-Checkbook Financial Transparency & Independent Audit Controls